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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Togo
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Benin and Ghana
- Map references:
- Africa
- Area:
- total area:
- 56,790 sq km
- land area:
- 54,390 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than West Virginia
- Land boundaries:
- total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km
- Coastline:
- 56 km
- Maritime claims:
- exclusive economic zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 30 nm
- International disputes:
- none
- Climate:
- tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
- Terrain:
- gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low
- coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
- Natural resources:
- phosphates, limestone, marble
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 25%
- permanent crops:
- 1%
- meadows and pastures:
- 4%
- forest and woodland:
- 28%
- other:
- 42%
- Irrigated land:
- 70 sq km (1989 est.)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood
- for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture
- natural hazards:
- hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter;
- periodic droughts
- international agreements:
- party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
- Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified -
- Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Tropical Timber 94
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Togo
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 4,410,370 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 49% (female 1,069,171; male 1,079,999)
- 15-64 years:
- 49% (female 1,121,685; male 1,043,000)
- 65 years and over:
- 2% (female 51,392; male 45,123) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 3.58% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 46.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 11.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 86.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 57.42 years
- male:
- 55.29 years
- female:
- 59.6 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 6.83 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Togolese (singular and plural)
- adjective:
- Togolese
- Ethnic divisions:
- 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye, European and
- Syrian-Lebanese under 1%
- Religions:
- indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%
- Languages:
- French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major
- African languages in the south), Dagomba and Kabye (the two major African
- languages in the north)
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
- total population:
- 43%
- male:
- 56%
- female:
- 31%
- Labor force:
- NA
- by occupation:
- agriculture 80%
- note:
- about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Togo
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Togo
- conventional short form:
- Togo
- local long form:
- Republique Togolaise
- local short form:
- none
- former:
- French Togo
- Digraph:
- TO
- Type:
- republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
- Capital:
- Lome
- Administrative divisions:
- 23 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription); Amlame
- (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar
- (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah),
- Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse
- (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo,
- Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo)
- note:
- the 23 units may now be called prefectures (singular - prefecture) and
- reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses
- Independence:
- 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
- National holiday:
- Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
- Constitution:
- multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1
- July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
- Legal system:
- French-based court system
- Suffrage:
- NA years of age; universal adult
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967); election last held
- 25 August 1993 (next election to be held NA 1998); all major opposition
- parties boycotted the election; Gen. EYADEMA won 96.5% of the vote
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edem KODJO (since April 1994)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and the prime minister
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral
- National Assembly:
- elections last held 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results -
- percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total) CAR 36, RPT 35, UTD 7, UJD
- 2, CFN 1
- note:
- the Supreme Court ordered new elections for 3 seats of the Action Committee
- for Renewal (CAR) and the Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD), lowering their
- total to 34 and 6 seats, respectively; the remaining 3 seats have not been
- filled
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Togo
- Government
- Judicial branch:
- Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
- Political parties and leaders:
- Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA;
- Coordination des Forces Nouvelles (CFN), Joseph KOFFIGOH; The Togolese Union
- for Democracy (UTD), Edem KODJO; The Action Committee for Renewal (CAR), Yao
- AGBOYIBOR; The Union for Democracy and Solidarity (UDS), Antoine FOLLY; The
- Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group (GSP), an alliance of three radical
- parties: The Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA), Leopold
- GNININVI; The Party for Democracy and Renewal (PDR), Zarifou AYEVA; The
- Pan-African Social Party (PSP), Francis AGBAGLI; The Union of Forces for
- Change (UFC), Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile); Union of Justice and Democracy
- (UJD), Lal TAXPANDJAN
- note:
- Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only
- party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
- Member of:
- ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77,
- GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
- INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
- UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Charge d'Affaires Edem Frederic HEGBE
- chancery:
- 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 234-4212
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 232-3190
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Johnny YOUNG (since September 1994)
- embassy:
- Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome
- mailing address:
- B. P. 852, Lome
- telephone:
- [228] 21 77 17, 21 29 91 through 21 29 94
- FAX:
- [228] 21 79 52
- Flag:
- five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with
- yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper
- hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Togo
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts
- for about half of GDP and provides employment for 80% of the labor force.
- Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together
- generate about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in
- basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector
- phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has
- suffered from the collapse of world phosphate prices and increased foreign
- competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The
- government's decade-long IMF and World Bank supported effort to implement
- economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues
- in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private
- and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has jeopardized the
- reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity.
- Although strikes had ended in 1994, political unrest and lack of funds
- prevented the government from taking advantage of the 50% currency
- devaluation of January 1994. Resumption of World Bank and IMF flows will
- depend on implementation of several controversial moves toward privatization
- and on downsizing the military, on which the regime depends to stay in
- power.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1993 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- NA%
- National product per capita:
- $800 (1993 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 0.5% (1991 est.)
- Unemployment rate:
- NA%
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $284 million
- expenditures:
- $407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)
- Exports:
- $221 million (f.o.b., 1993)
- commodities:
- phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee
- partners:
- EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)
- Imports:
- $292 million (c.i.f., 1993)
- commodities:
- machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products
- partners:
- EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)
- External debt:
- $1.3 billion (1991)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 9% (1991 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 30,000 kW
- production:
- 60 million kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 83 kWh (1993)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Togo
- Economy
- Industries:
- phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles,
- beverages
- Agriculture:
- accounts for 49% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops -
- yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not
- significant; annual fish catch of 10,000-14,000 tons
- Illicit drugs:
- increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2 billion; OPEC
- bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51
- million
- Currency:
- 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
- Exchange rates:
- Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January
- 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26
- (1990)
- note:
- the official rate is pegged to the French franc, and beginning 12 January
- 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50
- at which it had been fixed since 1948
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Togo
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 532 km
- narrow gauge:
- 532 km 1.000-m gauge
- Highways:
- total:
- 6,462 km
- paved:
- 1,762 km
- unpaved:
- unimproved earth 4,700 km
- Inland waterways:
- 50 km Mono River
- Ports:
- Kpeme, Lome
- Merchant marine:
- none
- Airports:
- total:
- 9
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 2
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 2
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 5
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Togo
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- NA telephones; fair system based on network of radio relay routes
- supplemented by open wire lines
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- microwave radio relay and open wire lines
- international:
- 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE earth station
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 3 (relays 2)
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Togo
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 936,270; males fit for military service 491,578 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $48 million, 2.9% of GDP (1993)
-